Announcement 通告

Mary won't be available to teach in Melbourne from 22 Aug to 19 Sept 2014 because I have to make an overseas trip. Yay! I can be reached via email wy4chan@gmail.com during this period.

I will resume teaching when I come back.

Hurray!

The Interpreter of The Grandmaster

Two weeks ago, an important figure in Hong Kong history 鄭仰平 Cheng Yang-ping passed away. 

Who's he? He was one of the two interpreters who bridged the communication between Margaret Thatcher and Deng Xiaoping. It is said that late Mr Cheng didn't talk much when he wasn't interpreting, even though he spoke superb English, Cantonese and Mandarin. He was also a strict follower of an interpreter's professional conduct - he had never leaked a word about the historic negotiation.

The news probably has got into my head. While I was watching The Grandmaster 一代宗师 the other day, I wondered how they can possibly interpret the complex Chinese imagery uttered by Ip Man 叶问 and Gong Er 宫二. The scene below is especially perplexing. Sadly, I can't find a clip of the scene with English subtitle, but I found the official English subtitle script. I've marked four places which are worth ruminating upon. So, let's do an odd thing - play the video and read the script at the same time. 

English Subtitle:

I was lucky to meet you in my prime.

Sadly, my time is running out.

To say there are no regrets in life,

is just to fool yourself.

How boring it would be without regrets.

Mr Ip, to tell you the truth,

I cared about you.

I don't mind telling you that.

It's not a crime to love.

But that's all it can ever be.

I never said that to anyone before.

Seeing you tonight,

I don't know why, it just came out.

Let's say we suspend this game

of chess between us.

Take care.

In life, as in chess,

a move once made stays on the board.

What we have

is simply fate.

Your father once said,

never give up the faith.

Keep the light burning.

I hope that one day

I'll see the 64 Hands once more.

I hope you enjoyed the scene - I like it a lot. I want to talk about four things about the translation.

1) I cared about you. 
The original Chinese is 我心里有过你, a literal translation can be "I have had you in my heart". Of course, it doesn't sound that natural. Thinking about it, to have someone in your heart allows quite a flexibility for interpretation and choice of words. I like their choice "cared about" which is subtle enough for Gong Er as a woman in that era, but it also contains ample meaning just like the Chinese original. 

2) Let's say we suspend this game of chess between us.
The original Chinese is 就让你我的恩怨像盘棋一样保留在那儿, a literal translation can be "let's keep the resentment between us there like a game of chess". Having said that, ”resentment“ can be replaced by "scores", meaning all those wrongs one has done to the other. At this point, it becomes obvious that "a game of chess" actually can symbolise tension, fights, resentment and scores. That's how smart this translation is - why to repeat two similar things when you can use one to embed the other.

3) What we have is simply fate.
In Chinese, the line is 我们之间本来就没恩怨，有的只是一段缘分。Well, this is indeed a big challenge for the translator. Again, a literal translation can be "We have never had any scores between us even from the start. What we have is just fate." I don't see why the first line is omitted in this case. I find it a pity not to have it, as if something has gone missing in the rhythm.  Another thing is about the word "fate" which seems to be the only English counterpart for 缘分 but never quite fits. Simply put it, while the pair means the same thing, "fate" sounds heavy but “缘分” has a softness in it. Can't blame anybody I guess.

4) Never give up the faith. Keep the light burning.

Lastly, 念念不忘必有回响，有灯就有人。These two are very poetic lines, a superficial meaning is "If you hold on to your thought, it will resonate. When there is light, there are people". I think Ip Man's interpreter has captured the gist of the lines precisely, though I kind of like the second line more literal.

It's not easy to be an interpreter indeed. You rack your brain just to get messages across, and they are not even about you. Poor souls :)

Another Story (cont.)

Let's continue with our Space Odyssey and Star War crossover essay. The topic I was writing about is:

The money spent on space research has brought enormous benefits to mankind, but it could be more usefully applied. How far do you agree?

In the previous post, I have already written my introduction and two supporting paragraphs. According to our 5-paragraph structure, I still need a third body paragraph to talk about the opposite point of view and one conclusion.

For the third body paragraph, we need the following two elements:

1) Opposing argument - one sentence is enough
2) Rebuttal - be brief, normally two sentences

Those who harbour the view that funds for space research should be spent elsewhere might suggest that there are other problems in our society that need money more urgently, for instance, poverty and burdens in education and medical sectors. However, while space research might seem less pressing an issue, it could also offer creative, alternative and possibly more sustainable solutions to our current problems. From this perspective, space research is absolutely relevant to our current and future social development.

Compared to the previous two body paragraphs, this one should be a little shorter. It is important to bear in mind this ratio because our word limit is 250 words. A merit for follow the 5-paragraph approach is that you will definitely meet the word count. A demerit of the structure is that if you write too much in the third body paragraph, your essay will very likely be too long. As long as your marker has the right to lower your grade when your essay is 30 words or more off-limit, it is always wise to restrain yourself from over-expanding your paragraphs, especially the third body paragraph.

Finally, for conclusion, we should include two things as well:
1) Paraphrase your stand in one sentence
2) A projection to the future - one to two sentences

In conclusion, I believe science research deserves financial investment, insofar as it would provide valuable insights into the survival of the human race. Thus, governments should seriously consider budgeting funds for this field. It is indeed time to adopt farsighted approaches in planning for our planet's future.

A trick to construct a high sounding final statement is to give some advice to governments regarding school education, investment or community program. They make sound like empty statements, but they do work. 

So it's not that hard to write a well-organised essay after all. More on coherence and cohesion next time. 

Anyone following Le Tour de France these days? I watch a bit. Since I'm on this "futuristic" essay topic, let me tell you about a new invention for cyclists. It is the INVISIBLE HELMET. What? Well, it is actually an airbag device that you wear like a scarf around your neck when you cycle. When an accident happens, the airbag will pop out to wrap around your head like a helmet. Sounds cool, doesn't it? It has already been approved in many European countries but Australia is yet to have it. I would really be interested in getting one when they do arrive. God knows I'm a clumsy cyclist...

Another Story

Last time I told you a funny story about myself in the Melbourne storm. How about a prince and princess story this time?

I like opera. I like both Chinese and Western operas. Some may say the emotion and acting in this art form tend to exaggerate, but it is exactly what this art form is about. It sets out to tell a story and makes sure you know it is a story, i.e. you don't see it everyday in your life. To put it in a literary way, it is an elevated reality that means to charm and to mesmerise. I listen to opera music a lot, I find it purifying... 

In case you're not familiar with opera, here is a sample for you. Nessun Dorma (None Shall Sleep) - one of the most popular opera songs - is an extract from Turandot, an opera written by Puccini. It is sung in Italian but guess what? The story is actually set in Peking! It's about a cruel Chinese princess and her suitors... Well, listen to it if you haven't already done so. Then listen to it again. Don't you want to cry sometimes when you encounter something so stunningly beautiful?

Okay, dry your tears now. That was our classic story of the day.

I introduced the 5-paragraph essay structure in the last post and let's look at how it is applied in the sample essay below.

The money spent on space research has brought enormous benefits to mankind, but it could be more usefully applied. How far do you agree?

This is a standard agree/disagree question. I always find it easier to take sides rather than arguing for both.
You can say "I totally/absolutely/strongly/to a large extent agree/disagree with the statement" depending on how strong you think your points are. The beauty of writing five paragraphs is that no matter how far you agree, you still write two supporting points and one opposing point.

For introduction, we should include two things: 1) Paraphrase the question, 2) State your point of view. Like this:

Many nations nowadays assign significant ratio of their budget on space research. Whereas knowledge about the astronomy is obviously beneficial to human beings, it is argued that money should be more wisely spent on other aspects of our life. I strongly disagree with the latter point of view.

Some students like to reveal their point of view only at the end of the essay. It is not illegal but imagine you are an IELTS examiner and you have already read five hundred essays since 9am. Would you feel your patience is being stretched a little bit when you have to tread through another 250 words (with grammatical mistakes and all) to arrive at a perspective only in the conclusion? That's why I think you would do your examiner a favour by stating your opinion at the onset.

For the first two body paragraphs, we need two supporting arguments and each paragraphs should be arranged in the following way:
1) Topic sentence
2) Explain
3) Evidence
4) Link back

To begin with, we should note that developing space engineering would be a global trend in the centuries to come. Due to the advancement of internet and digital technology, our scientific research is expanding further into the space. We need more satellites and space stations to support our frequent interactions with people from all over the world. Insofar as worldwide communication is a major practical component in our modern life, we should invest on space research.

Secondly, venturing into the space might help us find solutions to many problems in our planet. As we know, we are facing issues of energy crisis, food shortage and severe pollution, just to name a few. There could be abundant resources in other planets that we can utilise. It is possible that we might even discover another planet suitable for us to reside. In short, space research is absolutely essential for the existence of the human race and thus deserves investment.

I know, the two paragraphs above look really colourful and the ideas sound more and more Star War-like, but you got the gist of how to structure the first two body paragraphs.

Actually, to present an argument is not unlike telling a story - our words need to be coherent and cohesive so that others can follow. In other words, there got to be glue to stick your passage together so it doesn't fall apart. But allow me to break the flow at this point, I'll explain what I mean by that and continue the space essay next time :)

Proper Planning

Hands up if you have had the following experience:

You are in your warm bed 5 o'clock in the morning and in your dreamy state you hear a storm roaring outside. Then suddenly, somewhere in your brain a voice emerges, it asks, "Have you put the garbage bins out for collection?"
You hate to admit it but the answer is "no". 
The voice continues, "You should put them out now before the garbage truck comes." 
That's true, but it's freezing cold outside and rainy too. 
"If you don't take them out now, you will be stuck with stinky garbage for a week and you will regret." 
Since the voice shows no mercy, you get up, get dressed, and venture into the stormy darkness to wheel the lovely bins. When you head back in, you are all wet and shivering like mad. There's no way to go back to sleep.

The above experience happened to me last Tuesday morning. Did anyone read on the news that Victoria was ripped by a "weather bomb" that day with winds of up to 130 km per hour?

Yarra River flooded its banks 24/6/2014

Interesting story. And the moral of the story is: Plan. Ahead.

IELTS task 2 writing requires us to write a 250 word essay to discuss an issue. We should allocate no more than 40 mins on that so a decent essay plan is very important because it would increase your efficiency. Basically, there are three types of question: 

1. Do you agree or disagree with the statement?

2. What's your opinion regarding the point of view?

3. What are the causes for the problem and what are the effects/possible solutions? 

Regardless of how they put their question, I would suggest writing 5 paragraphs. For the first two types, we can make a plan like this:

Para 1: Intro (paraphrase the question and state your opinion)

Para 2: Supporting reason 1 

Para 3: Supporting reason 2

Para 4: The opposite point of view and your rebuttal against it

Para 5: Conclusion

For type 3, we make a slightly different plan based on the 5-paragraph structure:

Para 1: Intro (paraphrase the question and make a general statement about the causes of the problem)

Para 2: Cause 1 

Para 3: Cause 2

Para 4: Effects/ Possible solutions

Para 5: Conclusion

Why 5 paragraphs?

Well, there are so many ways to tackle an IELTS essay and many would suggest writing only two body paragraphs, hence a 4-paragraph structure. Nothing wrong with that. The advantage of putting three body paragraphs is to reduce the length of each paragraph so they are easier to handle. The fact is, many students tend to "get carried away" when they try to elaborate an idea within a paragraph. They tend to temporarily forget the main point of the argument as stated in their introduction; as a result, the ideas presented in the body paragraphs do not answer the question.

Let me show you how it works with an example in the next post :)